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Numerous other Scientologist-run services and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses using Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - Perth Scientology. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


This section needs expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or highly regarded people. Though it has attained some credibility as a religious beliefs in numerous countries, Scientology has also been referred to as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has actually been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Game individuals it views as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were founded guilty for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of fraud, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of visibility" might be viewed as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and run for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid additional resources $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had initially demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as figured out in an internet poll run by the governmental transition group getting public input for the incoming administration. Scientology Perth.

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State Department has slammed Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as a business enterprise, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, this page The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and many related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try to use it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was created with its head office located at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later renamed the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and committed one of the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by a company not associated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense dedicated wikipedia reference by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope formerly unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or company was totally free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past utilized aggressive strategies in dealing with those it views as trying to reduce them, called Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Utilizing blank paper known to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb hazards in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was found at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.